Financing
Sourcing finance is important for a production because to have a successful production it is very expensive to make. Everything needs to be managed properly because if not, the company may be giving to much money away and not have enough for the actual production. Money for a film comes into everything for making a film. You have to pay the cast for the amount of time they are on set for and you have to pay for locations because you may have to ask for permission. Things that will need to be effectively financed will be the cast and crew because if they are not getting paid on time or not enough, they might walk away from the film and then you might not have any stars to be in the film.
Public Funding
Public funding is provided from things such as public funded agencies that can come from things like Tax’s. A good example of this is things like NHS and the National Lottery. The National Lottery works when people invest a certain amount of money to buy a ticket(s) in hopes of winning the grand total of money that all the people have invested into that lottery. Also, with the NHS they are funded from the publics tax’s so that they can provide health care to the public. Public funding is also places like BBC Films, Film4/Channel 4 and others. Public funding can also be provided by the community because the community can donate towards your production and help you out.
Private Funding
Private funding is provided by investors such as production companies or producers. The way you get private funding is when you go to a production company and pitch your idea to them and try and persuade them to give you a budget. Also give them a reason why they need to give you money for the film. If you do this, they can see if they see potential in your idea and if they do they will help you out
Advantages to Public Funding
If you chose to do your production through public funding you will constantly have money coming in through people paying there tax’s and other government kind of payments. Another advantage is that the community might want to help you and therefore you will have money constantly coming in from the community.
Disadvantages to Public Funding
A disadvantage of taking public funding is that it might not be a large amount of money coming in, since they only take a certain percentage of taxes and give it to police, NHS etc. They might not have a large amount of money to offer film makers. it doesn’t offer a large amount of promotion compared to private funded films that are funded by massive production companies like Universal, Pixar etc.
Advantages of Private Funding
The biggest advantage in choosing private funding is that they can offer a high budget to small production companies. Private funding can help give you more exposure because there fans will want to watch your film because the large company has paid for it.
Disadvantages of Private Funding
A big disadvantage of choosing private funding is when you pitch your idea to the company they might not like it so they won’t help you make your film. Another disadvantage is that after your film is made and is making money the company who you borrowed the money off will want a large percentage of the profit. So if your film doesn’t make more than they give you, you could find yourself in debt.
Timescales
Timescales are the most important thing about making a film because if something is not in the right place at the right time everything could go wrong. You have to plan the timing you want and need things and how long you need them for. You also need to plan how long you need the cast and crew of set for, or else you will need to pay them for more hours than needed.
Equipment
When it comes to equipment you need to book the correct equipment for the correct time and if you are in multiple locations you will need to know how long to book it for if your renting it. However if it’s your equipment you need to consider how long it takes to set the equipment up and pack it all a way so your not wasting time on set.
Transport
When it comes to making the film you may need to travel to multiple locations with a whole crew and all your equipment. So you will need to book planes or trains at the correct time and work out hoe ling it will take to get there and set up. Everything will need to be done in correct time or else everything could go wrong.
Facilities
If careful planning does not take place things could go wrong because every successful production needs to have a schedule to run smoothly. Equipment is an important one that needs to be discussed in per production because you need the right equipment at the right time. You will also need someone managing finances to pay the cast and crew members. The person who manages finances will need to keep track of how long the cast and crew are on set for, so they know how much they need to be paid. Problems that might occur if you don’t plan these things is that you might not have the equipment for the correct amount of time or the correct equipment hasn’t been booked for the correct day. If the cast and crew are not getting paid the correct amount they might walk away from the film so this is why you need a person managing finances.
Locations
In the pre-production, the locations need to be checked out because you may need permission or you may have to pay for the location. If you need to pay for the location you need to see how long you have it for, so you can tell the cast and crew what time they need to be there and so that you have the equipment set up on time. Before you head to the location with all your cast and crew you need to carry out a recce, to see if it’s safe and it is suitable for all transport to go on or travel to. If a hazard does occur safety precautions will need to be put in before using the location so everyone one will be safe to work there. When checking the locations out you will be looking for the distance between the locations. You should also consider the weather as if you’re wanting to shoot a scene that is set on a dry sunny clear day then you need to factor in the weather for that location and if it will be suitable for the scene. As if it’s then a dark and rainy day when you film the you will either have to change a couple other scenes or completely scrap that scene for another time and that could disorganize other things in your timescale plan. You will also need to see if the locations are suitable for the equipment to enter the property/land of else if they can’t you will have to choose somewhere else.
Personnel
Casting Director
A casting director’s job is to organize the casting of actors for all roles in the film to pick the perfect actors for the roles needed to be played. The casting director either watches audition tapes that people send to them and they also have audition meeting where people audition in front of them. Casting directors have many meetings with the director and the producers to understand there requirements for the perfect actor.
Runner
A runner is the most junior position in any film production department. A runners job is to carry out any tasks and aid to smooth over the running of a film production. This can include doing anything form setting up locations for shooting, like setting up food for the actors in between takes.
Codes Of Practice And Regulations
Health and Safety is important because it protects the well-being of employers, visitors and customers. Looking after Health and Safety makes good business sense. Workplaces and locations which neglect health and safety risk prosecution, may lose staff and may increase costs and reduce profitability. If you used someone else’s copyrighted material and commercially profited from that use, you may have to pay them monetary damages, and court may prohibit you from further using there material without their consent. So make sure you get permission to peoples copyrighted material.
The Proposal
The proposal sums up the premise of the film, it provides a brief synopsis, key character information, sums up the structure of the narrative and considers a target audience. The proposal is kind of a pitch, because you talk about the characters and the story line to intrigue people. Once the proposal has been written the script can be wrote.
Scripting: Master Scene Script
The accepted formatting for film scripting is done in what is known as Master Scene Script. Prospective studios will not even read scripts that are not produced in this format. This is the standard and accepted format for film production. It is designed to offer a straightforward and accessible format for producers to show to investors. If offers a mix of description and dialogue to allow the reader to easily follow the story, the story is the most important thing, and as such technical information is very limited within MSS format. MSS is split into SCENE HEADING, NARRATIVE DESCIPTION and DIALOGUE BLOCKS. Narrative description is telling the story as it unfolds on screen. It begins directly below the scene heading. The writing should be lean and visual, focusing on action that moves the story forward. Though concise, it should have enough flair to engage readers. Dialogue Blocks, also called “speechless,” are composed of three parts: character name, wryly, and dialogue. Characters names are written in upper case, wrylies are written in lower case inside parenthesis, and dialogue is written in normal sentence case. A wryly indicates how a line should be said. It was named after all the novice screenwriters whose characters say things in a “wry” way. Wrylies should only be used if the subtext of the dialogue is not clear.
Scripting: Shooting Script
A shooting script is the version of a screenplay used during the production, the scenes are assigned numbers which are included in the script alongside the scene headers. The numbers provide a convenient way for the various production departments to reference individual scenes. Shooting scripts are scripts used during production to shoot the movie. They are written with much more detail than spec scripts and may include, among other things, scene numbers, editing transitions, and camera angles. Since shooting scripts are used in production, they are formatted to include any helpful information that the director may request. They are not used for selling purposes. Shooting scripts can be difficult to read and will turn off prospective investors. This approach is used when the script is going directly into production. In broad terms, the main difference between the screenplay and the shooting script is that the screenplay is a selling tool, whereas the shooting script is a production tool.
Storyboarding
A storyboard is a graphic organizer in the form of illustrations or images displayed in sequence for the purpose of pre visualizing a motion picture, animation, motion graphic or interactive media sequence. Once a script is completed, a story board is made so people can see what that scene is going to look like. Storyboard evaluates a screenplay and pictures it in terms of separate shots that can be visually translates into individual storyboard panels. This helps film directors and cinematographers visualize scenes and find potential problems before they occur. Besides this, storyboards also help estimate the cost of overall production and saves time in shooting. Some directors such as Alfred Hitchcock were famous for storyboarding in great depth, visualizing the film extensively prior to shooting on set.
Shooting Schedules
Utilizing the storyboards and the shooting script, a shooting schedule is created. This is a breakdown of everything planned to shoot for the each day of the shoot, organized into the most logical and efficient order to shoot. As opposed to a schedule for the entire shoot, focusing on scenes and days, this schedule focus of shots and hours. A shooting schedule is essential for a smooth and efficient shoot ( which cuts down on time, hence budget and allows plenty of coverage to be shot ).
Other Paperwork
Location Permission – To make sure you have permission to use certain location’s.
Risk Assessments – To collect relevant information about potential risks relating to shooting.
Copyright Clearance – To collate any right issues that have been actioned.
The Functions of Pre-productions
Pre-production is the process of fixing some of the elements involved in a film, play, or other performance. There are three parts in a production: pre-production, production, and post production. Pre-production ends when the planning ends and the content starts being produced. Functions of pre-production also allows ideas to be revised and amended and improved. Scripts for example can go through multiple drafts and redrafts. Script editors can be utilized to identify potential problems with scripts. If visual ideas are not as good as imagined they can be dropped because there costume or setting is not perfect. Different locations might be considered and discounted.
The Purpose of Pre production
The purpose of pre-production is to check legal issues such as: health and safety, permission, copyrighted material and public liability. Public liability is another legal requirement for companies and organization who are involved in creative media production, particularly when they are recording on locations where members of the public may be at risk from the production activities. The purpose of pre-production is to take in consideration of wider guidelines. You have to share information with a large cast and crew so everybody knows what is going on.
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